The federal government has also determined that the commercial grouper fleet has too many boats chasing too few fish. The feds currently have had a number of management tools at their disposal including a commercial license limitation system, quotas, trip limits, minimum size limits, season closures and gear restrictions.
But all this has done is prompt the commercial boats to race to see who can catch the most fish before the quota is filled. This “derby” mentality has been bad for bother the producers and consumers. West coast fish lovers want fresh, locally-caught grouper sandwiches year round, now just eight or ten months out of the year.
Federal officials have had a reef fish permit moratorium in effect since 1992. A year-old 6,000-pound trip limit has helped slow things down, but commercial fisherman still can’t land grouper during the closed season of Feb. 15 to March 15.
Over the past 12 years, the number of commercial grouper boats has steadily declined, mirroring the health of the stocks. In 1993, there were 1,112 boats lading fish. In 2005, that number had dropped to 820. Grouper has always been the meat and potatoes of the commercial longline fleet on the west coast of Florida. Revenues average about $10.7 million a year, or 83 percent of the total longline take. But this is just a fraction of the overall industry. During the same time period, grouper and snapper imports increased dramatically. By 2005, frozen grouper imports were valued at $21.5 million, more than double the domestic catch.
Everybody – commercial and recreational fishermen as well as federal fishery managers – agree that something needs to be done. But exactly what is still a matter of debate. Several proposals are currently on the table.
One would eliminate all “latent” reef fish permits. That means, if you have had a reef fish permit, but have not landed at least 1,000 pounds every year for the past five years, the permit may be revoked. This would help reduce the number of fishermen in the industry, but not necessarily do anything to improve the stocks. The fishermen who still have permits would simply fish longer and harder to catch more fish.
Another The second proposal would involve a voluntary buyback or buyout of some reef permits. A similar plan, proposed two years ago, drew strong criticism from recreational and environmental groups. A buyout would reduce the size of the fleet, but the fishermen who still have permits would simply fish longer and harder to catch more fish.
Federal officials are also considering the creation of a grouper permit endorsement which would allow a select group of fishermen to be the only ones allowed to catch grouper. While this would reduce the number of fishermen, those with permits would simply fish longer and harder to catch more fish.
Yet another proposal, and the one with the most traction, is the establishment of an individual fishing quota system (IFQ). This management measure would set a total allowable catch and split it among qualified fishermen, who can then choose to fill it as they please. The IFQ program would eliminate derby fishing and protect fish stocks. Where IFQs have been tried, the feedback has been positive. Whether IFQs will work in the Gulf of Mexico, only time will tell.
To learn more about the plan, go to www.gulfcouncil.org. The public may submit written comments up until Oct. 25.
Terry Tomalin